|
{{pp-semi-protected|small=yes}}
{{about|the reggae musician|the comedian|Bob Marley (comedian)}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| Name = Bob Marley
| Img = Bob-Marley-in-Concert Zurich 05-30-80.jpg
| Landscape = Yes
| Background = solo_singer
| Birth_name = Robert Nesta Marley
| Born = {{birth date|1945|2|6|mf=y}}
Nine Mile, [[Saint Ann Parish, Jamaica|Saint Ann]], [[Jamaica]]
| Died = {{Death date and age|1981|5|11|1945|2|6}}
[[Miami, Florida|Miami]], [[Florida]], [[United States]]
| Instrument = [[lead singer|Vocals]], [[guitar]], [[percussion]]
| Genre = [[Reggae]], [[ska]], [[rocksteady]]
| Occupation = [[Singer-songwriter]], [[musician]]
| Years_active = 1962 – 1981
| Label = [[Studio One (record label)|Studio One]], [[Beverley's]], [[Upsetter]]/[[Trojan Records|Trojan]], [[Island Records|Island]]/[[Tuff Gong]]
| Associated_acts = Member of [[The Wailers (reggae band)|The Wailers]],
band leader of the [[Wailers Band]],
associated with the [[The Upsetters]],
associated with the [[I Threes]]
| URL = [http://www.bobmarley.com/ www.bobmarley.com]
}}
'''Robert "Bob" Nesta Marley''' [[Jamaican Order of Merit|OM]] ([[February 6]], [[1945]] – [[May 11]] [[1981]]) was a [[Jamaica]]n [[musician]], [[singer-songwriter]], and [[Rastafari movement|Rastafarian]]. He was the lead singer, songwriter and guitarist for the [[ska]], [[rocksteady]] and [[reggae]] bands: [[The Wailers (reggae band)|The Wailers]] (1964 – 1974) and [[Bob Marley & the Wailers]] (1974 – 1981). Marley died nearly thirty years ago, but remains the most widely known and revered performer of ska/reggae music, and is credited for helping spread [[Music of Jamaica|Jamaican music]] to the worldwide audience.[[http://www.empsfm.org/education/index.asp?categoryID=26&ccID=127&xPopConfBioID=784&year=2007 EMP|SFM: 2007 Pop Conference Bios/Abstracts]]
Marley's best known hits includes "[[I Shot the Sheriff]]", "[[No Woman, No Cry]]", "[[Exodus (album)|Exodus]]", "[[Could You Be Loved]]", "[[Stir It Up]]", "[[Jamming (song)|Jamming]]", "[[Redemption Song]]", "[[One Love (Bob Marley song)|One Love]]" and, together with ''[[The Wailers]]'', ""[[Three Little Birds]]".["Bob Marley," ''Encyclopaedia Britannica'', 2006], as well as the posthumous releases "[[Buffalo Soldier (song)|Buffalo Soldier]]" and "[[Iron Lion Zion]]". The compilation album, ''[[Legend (album)|Legend]]'', released in 1984, three years after his death, is the best-selling reggae album ever (10 times [[Music recording sales certification|platinum]][Doug Miller, "[http://web.bobmarley.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20070226&contentid=3540 Concert Series: 'No Woman, No Cry']", ''BobMarley.com'', February 26, 2007]), with sales of more than 12 million copies.[
==Early life and career==
{{Unreferencedsection|date=April 2008}}
Marley was born in the small village of Nine Mile in [[Saint Ann Parish]], Jamaica as Nesta Robert Marley. A Jamaican passport official would later swap his first and middle names. His father, Norval Sinclair Marley, (born in 1895), was a white Jamaican of [[English people|English]] descent, who lived in Liverpool. Norval was a [[Royal Marines|Marine officer]] and captain, as well as a [[plantation]] overseer, when he married [[Cedella Booker]], a black Jamaican then eighteen years old. Norval provided financial support for his wife and child, but seldom saw them, as he was often away on trips. In 1955, when Marley was 10 years old, his father died of a heart attack at age 60.
Marley suffered [[racial prejudice]] as a youth, because of his [[multiracial|mixed racial origins]] and faced questions about his own racial identity throughout his life. He once reflected:
]I don't have prejudice against himself. My father was a white and my mother was black. Them call me half-caste or whatever. Me don't dip on nobody's side. Me don't dip on the black man's side nor the white man's side. Me dip on God's side, the one who create me and cause me to come from black and white.
Marley and his mother moved to [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston's]] [[Trenchtown]] slum after Norval's death. He was forced to learn [[self-defense]], as he became the target of bullying because of his racial makeup and small stature (5'4" or 163 cm tall) {{Fact|date=May 2007}}. He gained a reputation for his physical strength, which earned him the nickname "Tuff Gong".
Marley became friends with Neville "Bunny" Livingston (later known as [[Bunny Wailer]]), with whom he started to play music. He left school at the age of 14 and started as an apprentice at a local welder's shop. In his free time, he and Livingston made music with [[Joe Higgs]], a local singer and devout [[Rastafari movement|Rastafari]]. It was at a [[jam session]] with Higgs and Livingston that Marley met Peter McIntosh (later known as [[Peter Tosh]]), who had similar musical ambitions.
In 1962, Marley recorded his first two singles, "[[Judge Not]]" and "One Cup of Coffee", with local music producer [[Leslie Kong]]. These songs, released on the [[Beverley's]] label under the pseudonym of Bobby Martell,[[http://www.bobmarley.com/life/musicbusiness/beverley.html The Beverley Label and Leslie Kong: Music Business] at bobmarley.com] attracted little attention. The songs were later re-released on the box set, ''[[Songs of Freedom]]'', a posthumous collection of Marley's work.
==Musical career==
===The Wailers===
{{main|The Wailers (reggae band)}}
{{wikinews|Vivien Goldman: An interview with Bob Marley's biographer}}
In 1963, Bob Marley, [[Bunny Wailer|Bunny Livingston]], [[Peter Tosh|Peter McIntosh]], [[Junior Braithwaite]], [[Beverley Kelso]], and [[Cherry Smith]] formed a [[ska]] and [[rocksteady]] group, calling themselves "The Teenagers". They later changed their name to "The Wailing Rudeboys", then to "The Wailing Wailers", at which point they were discovered by record producer [[Coxsone Dodd]], and finally to "[[The Wailers (reggae)|The Wailers]]". By 1966, Braithwaite, Kelso, and Smith had left The Wailers, leaving the core trio of Marley, Livingston, and McIntosh.
In 1966, Marley married [[Rita Marley|Rita Anderson]], and moved near his mother's residence in [[Wilmington, Delaware]] in the United States for a short time, during which he worked as a [[DuPont]] lab assistant and on the assembly line at a [[Chrysler]] plant, under the alias Donald Marley.[Timothy White, [http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/6879720/bob_marley_19451981 Bob Marley: 1945-1981], [[Rolling Stone]], June 25, 1981] Upon returning to Jamaica, Marley became a member of the Rastafari movement, and started to wear his trademark [[dreadlocks]] (''see the ''[[Bob Marley#Religion|religion section]]'' for more on Marley's religious views'').
After a conflict with Dodd, Marley and his band teamed up with [[Lee "Scratch" Perry]] and his studio band, [[The Upsetters]]. Although the alliance lasted less than a year, they recorded what many consider The Wailers' finest work. Marley and Perry split after a dispute regarding the assignment of recording rights, but they would remain friends and work together again.
Between 1968 and 1972, Bob and Rita Marley, Peter McIntosh and Bunny Livingston re-cut some old tracks with [[JAD Records]] in Kingston and [[London]] in an attempt to commercialize The Wailers' sound. Livingston later asserted that these songs "should never be released on an album … they were just demos for record companies to listen to."
[[Image:JAD bob resized.jpg|thumb|left|200px]]
The Wailers' first album, ''[[Catch A Fire]]'', was released worldwide in 1973, and sold well. It was followed a year later by ''[[Burnin']]'', which included the songs "[[Get Up, Stand Up]]" and "[[I Shot The Sheriff]]". [[Eric Clapton]] made a hit cover of "I Shot the Sheriff" in 1974, raising Marley's international profile.
The Wailers broke up in 1974 with each of the three main members going on to pursue solo careers. The reason for the breakup is shrouded in conjecture; some believe that there were disagreements amongst Livingston, McIntosh, and Marley concerning performances, while others claim that Livingston and McIntosh simply preferred solo work. McIntosh began recording under the name Peter Tosh, and Livingston continued as Bunny Wailer.
===Bob Marley & The Wailers===
{{main|Bob Marley & The Wailers}}
Despite the breakup, Marley continued recording as "Bob Marley & The Wailers". His new [[Wailers Band|backing band]] included brothers [[Carlton Barrett|Carlton]] and [[Aston Barrett|Aston "Family Man" Barrett]] on drums and bass respectively, [[Junior Marvin]] and [[Al Anderson (Wailers)|Al Anderson]] on lead guitar, [[Tyrone Downie]] and [[Earl Lindo|Earl "Wya" Lindo]] on keyboards, and [[Alvin Patterson|Alvin "Seeco" Patterson]] on percussion. The "[[I Threes]]", consisting of [[Judy Mowatt]], [[Marcia Griffiths]], and Marley's wife, Rita, provided backing vocals.
In 1975, Marley had his international breakthrough with his first hit outside Jamaica, "[[No Woman, No Cry]]," from the ''[[Natty Dread]]'' album. This was followed by his breakthrough album in the [[United States|US]], ''[[Rastaman Vibration]]'' (1976), which spent four weeks on the [[Billboard Hot 100|Billboard charts]] Top Ten.
In December 1976, two days before "[[Smile Jamaica Concert|Smile Jamaica]]", a free concert organized by the Jamaican Prime Minister [[Michael Manley]] in an attempt to ease tension between two warring political groups, Marley, his wife, and manager Don Taylor were wounded in an assault by unknown gunmen inside Marley's home. Taylor and Marley's wife sustained serious injuries, but later made full recoveries. Bob Marley received serious injuries in the chest and arm. The shooting was thought to have been politically motivated, as many felt the concert was really a support rally for Manley. Nonetheless, the concert proceeded, and an injured Marley performed as scheduled.
[[Image:Bob Marley Live-Painting by Steve Brogdon1992.jpg|thumb|right|400px| ''Bob Marley Live'' a painting by Steve Brogdon 1992]]
Marley left Jamaica at the end of 1976 for [[England]], where he recorded his ''[[Exodus (album)|Exodus]]'' and ''[[Kaya (album)|Kaya]]'' albums. ''Exodus'' stayed on the British album charts for 56 consecutive weeks. It included four UK hit singles: "Exodus", "Waiting In Vain", "Jamming", "One Love", and a rendition of [[Curtis Mayfield]]'s hit, "[[People Get Ready (song)|People Get Ready]]". It was here that he was arrested and received a conviction for possession of a small quantity of [[Cannabis (drug)|cannabis]] while traveling in London.
In 1978, Marley performed at another political concert in Jamaica, the [[One Love Peace Concert]], again in an effort to calm warring parties. Near the end of the performance, by Marley's request, Manley and his political rival, [[Edward Seaga]], joined each other on stage and shook hands.
Babylon by Bus, a double live album with 13 tracks, was released in 1978 to critical acclaim. This album, and specifically the final track "Jammin'" with the audience in a frenzy, captured the intensity of Marley's live performances.
''[[Survival (album)|Survival]]'', a defiant and politically charged album, was released in 1979. Tracks such as "Zimbabwe", "[[Africa Unite]]", "Wake Up and Live", and "Survival" reflected Marley's support for the struggles of [[Africa]]ns. His appearance at the [[Amandla Festival]] in Boston in July 1979 showed his strong opposition to South African [[apartheid]], which he already had shown in his song "[[War (Bob Marley song)|War]]" in 1976. In early 1980, he was invited to perform at the [[April 17]] celebration of [[Zimbabwe]]'s Independence Day.
''[[Uprising (album)|Uprising]]'' (1980) was Bob Marley's final studio album, and is one of his most religious productions, including "Redemption Song" and "Forever Loving Jah". It was in "Redemption Song" that Marley sang the famous lyric,
{{cquote|Emancipate yourselves from mental slavery
None but ourselves can free our minds…|10px}}
''[[Confrontation (album)|Confrontation]]'', released posthumously in 1983, contained unreleased material recorded during Marley's lifetime, including the hit "[[Buffalo Soldier (song)|Buffalo Soldier]]" and new mixes of singles previously only available in Jamaica.
==Later years==
===Cancer diagnosis===
In July 1977, Marley was found to have [[acral lentiginous melanoma]], a form of [[malignant melanoma]], in a [[football]] wound on his right [[hallux]] (big toe). Marley refused amputation, because of the Rastafari belief that the body must be "whole":
{{cquote|Rasta no abide amputation. I don't allow a man to be dismantled.|10px|10px|From the biography ''Catch a Fire''}}
Marley may have seen [[physicians|medical doctors]] as ''samfai'' (tricksters, deceivers). True to this belief Marley went against all surgical possibilities and sought out other means that would not break his religious beliefs. He also refused to register a [[will (law)|will]], based on the Rastafari belief that writing a will is acknowledging death as inevitable, thus disregarding the everlasting (or everliving, as Rastas say) character of life.
=== Collapse and treatment ===
The [[cancer]] then [[metastasis|metastasized]] to Marley's [[brain]], [[lung]]s, [[liver]], and [[stomach]]. After playing two shows at [[Madison Square Garden]] as part of his fall 1980 [[Uprising Tour]], he collapsed while jogging in [[New York City|NYC's]] [[Central Park]]. The remainder of the tour was subsequently cancelled.
Bob Marley played his final concert at the [[Benedum Center|Stanley Theater]] in [[Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania]] on [[September 23]], [[1980]]. The live version of "Redemption Song" on ''Songs of Freedom'' was recorded at this show.[http://www.bobmarley.com/songs/songs.cgi?redemption] Marley afterwards sought medical help from [[Munich]] specialist [[Josef Issels]], but his cancer had already progressed to the terminal stage.
=== Death and posthumous reputation ===
While flying home from [[Germany]] to Jamaica for his final days, Marley became ill, and landed in Miami for immediate medical attention. He died at Cedars of Lebanon Hospital in [[Miami, Florida]] on the morning of [[May 11]], [[1981]] at the age of 36. The spread of melanoma to his lungs and brain caused his death. His final words to his son [[Ziggy Marley|Ziggy]] were "Money can't buy life."[{{cite web
| last = Steffens
| first = Roger
| title = Bob Marley Chronology 1945-1981
| url = http://www.reggae.com/artists/bob_marley/chronology.htm
| accessdate = 2006-10-26 }}]
Marley received a [[state funeral]] in Jamaica on [[May 21]], [[1981]] which combined elements of [[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church|Ethiopian Orthodoxy]] and Rastafari tradition. He was buried in a chapel near his birthplace with his [[Gibson Les Paul]], a soccer ball, a Cannabis bud, a ring that he wore every day that was given to him by the Prince [[Asfaw Wossen]] of Ethiopia (eldest son of [[Haile Selassie|HIM]]), and a [[Bible]]. A month before his death, he was awarded the [[Jamaican Order of Merit]].
Marley was inducted into the [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]] in 1994. ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine chose Bob Marley & The Wailers' ''[[Exodus (album)|Exodus]]'' as the greatest album of the 20th century.
In 2001, Marley was posthumously awarded the [[Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award]], and a feature-length documentary about his life, ''Rebel Music'', won various awards at the Grammys. With contributions from Rita, the Wailers, and Marley's lovers and children, it also tells much of the story in his own words.
In 2006, the City of New York renamed a portion of Church Avenue from Remsen Avenue to East 98th Street in the [[East Flatbush, Brooklyn|East Flatbush]] section of [[Brooklyn]] "Bob Marley Boulevard".[[http://www.ny1.com/ny1/content/index.jsp?stid=1&aid=60701 Brooklyn Street Renamed Bob Marley Boulevard]]
== Religion ==
Bob Marley was a member of the [[Rastafari movement]], whose culture was a key element in the development of [[reggae]]. Bob Marley became a leading proponent of the Rastafari, taking their music out of the socially deprived areas of [[Jamaica]] and onto the international music scene.
Bob Marley was baptized by the Archbishop of the [[Ethiopian Orthodox]] [[Christian]] Church in Kingston, Jamaica on [[November 4]] [[1980]]. [{{cite web |url=http://www.jamaicans.com/culture/rasta/ethiopian_church.shtml |title=The Ethiopian Orthodox Church & Bob Marley's Baptism And The Church |publisher=Jamaicans.com}}][{{cite web |url=http://http://www.rastafarispeaks.com/cgi-bin/forum/archive1/config.pl?noframes;read=47421 |title=Bob Marley's Baptism in Ethiopian Orthodox Church |publisher=Rastafarispeaks.com}}]
== Wife and children ==
Bob Marley had 13 children: three with his wife Rita, two adopted from Rita's previous relationships, and the remaining eight with separate women.[Dixon, Meredith.[http://debate.uvm.edu/dreadlibrary/dixon.html "Lovers and Children of the Natural Mystic: The Story of Bob Marley, Women and their Children"] ''The Dread Library'' (Accessed 21 June 2007)] His children are, in order of birth:
# Imani Carole, born [[May 22]], [[1963]], to Cheryl Murray;
# [[Sharon Marley|Sharon]], born [[November 23]], [[1964]], to Rita in previous relationship;
# [[Cedella Marley|Cedella]] born [[August 23]], [[1967]], to Rita;
# [[Ziggy Marley|David "Ziggy"]], born [[October 17]], [[1968]], to Rita;
# [[Stephen Marley (musician)|Stephen]], born [[April 20]], [[1972]], to Rita;
# Robert "Robbie", born [[May 16]], [[1972]], to Pat Williams;
# [[Rohan Marley|Rohan]], born [[May 19]], [[1972]], to Janet Hunt;
# Karen, born 1973 to Janet Bowen;
# Stephanie, born [[August 17]], [[1974]]; according to [[Cedella Booker]] she was the daughter of Rita and a man called Ital with whom Rita had an affair; nonetheless she was acknowledged as Bob's daughter;
# [[Julian Marley|Julian]], born [[June 4]], [[1975]], to Lucy Pounder;
# [[Ky-Mani Marley|Ky-Mani]], born [[February 26]], [[1976]], to Anita Belnavis;
# [[Damian Marley|Damian]], born [[July 21]], [[1978]], to [[Cindy Breakspeare]];
# Makeda, born [[May 30]], [[1981]], to Yvette Crichton.
== Discography ==
''For a detailed listing of albums by Bob Marley & the Wailers, see [[Bob Marley and the Wailers discography]].''
== Tours ==
* Apr–Jul 1973: '''[[Catch a Fire Tour]]''' (England, USA)
* Oct–Nov 1973: '''[[Burnin' Tour]]''' (USA, England)
* Jun–Jul 1975: '''[[Natty Dread Tour]]''' (USA, Canada, England)
* Apr–Jul 1976: '''[[Rastaman Vibration Tour]]''' (USA, Canada, Germany, Sweden, Netherlands, France, England, Wales)
* May–Jun 1977: '''[[Exodus Tour]]''' (France, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, Sweden, Denmark, England)
* May–Aug 1978: '''[[Kaya Tour]]''' (USA, Canada, England, France, Spain, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Netherlands, Belgium)
* Apr–May 1979: '''[[Babylon by Bus Tour]]''' (Japan, New Zealand, Australia, Hawaii)
* Oct 1979–Jan 1980: '''[[Survival Tour]]''' (USA, Canada, Trinidad/Tobago, Bahamas, Gabon)
* May–Sep 1980: '''[[Uprising Tour]]''' (Switzerland, Germany, France, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Belgium, Netherlands, Italy, Spain, Ireland, England, Scotland, Wales, USA)
== Awards and honors ==
[[Image:Bob-Star.jpg|thumb|Marley's star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]]]]
* 1976: Band of the Year ([[Rolling Stone]])
* June 1978: Awarded the [[Peace Medal of the Third World]] from the [[United Nations]]
* February 1981: Awarded Jamaica's third highest honor, the [[Jamaican Order of Merit]]
* March 1994: Inducted into the [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]]
* 1999: Album of the Century for ''[[Exodus (album)|Exodus]]'' ([[Time Magazine]])
* February 2001: A star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]]
* February 2001: Awarded [[Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award]]
* 2004: [[Rolling Stone Magazine]] ranked him #11 on their list of the [http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/5939214/the_immortals_the_first_fifty/ 100 Greatest Artists of All Time].[{{cite web| title = The Immortals: The First Fifty| work = Rolling Stone Issue 946| publisher = Rolling Stone| url =http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/5939214/the_immortals_the_first_fifty}}]
* "One Love" named song of the millennium by The [[BBC]]
* Voted as one of the greatest lyricists of all time by a BBC poll.[
[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1347071.stm "Who is the greatest lyricist of all time"], ''BBC'', May 23, 2001]
*2006 A plaque dedicated to him by Nubian Jak community trust and supported by Her Majesties Foreign Office. [{{cite web| title = London honours legendary reggae artist Bob Marley with heritage plaque| work = AfricaUnite.org| url =http://africa-unite.org/site/content/view/63/54}}]
==Film adaptation==
In February 2008, director [[Martin Scorsese]] announced his intention to produce a documentary movie on Marley. The film is set to be released on February 6, [[2010 in film|2010]], on what would have been Marley's 65th birthday.[{{cite news | author=Winter Miller | url=http://breakingnews.iol.ie/entertainment/story.asp?j=246581796&p=z4658z5xz | title=Scorsese to make Marley documentary | publisher=[[Ireland On-Line]] | date=[[2008-02-17]] | accessdate=2008-03-06}}] Recently, however, Scorsese dropped out due to scheduling problems. He is being replaced by [[Jonathan Demme]].[{{cite news |first= |last= |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=Martin Scorsese Drops Out of Bob Marley Documentary |url=http://www.worstpreviews.com/headline.php?id=8737&count=25 |work= |publisher=WorstPreviews.com |date=[[2008-05-22]] |accessdate=2008-05-26 }}]
In March 2008, [[The Weinstein Company]] announced its plans to produce a [[biopic]] of Bob Marley, based on the book ''No Woman No Cry: My Life With Bob Marley'' by [[Rita Marley]]. [[Rudy Langlais]] will produce the script by [[Lizzie Borden (filmmaker)|Lizzie Borden]] and Rita Marley will [[executive producer|exec produce]].[{{cite news | author=Winter Miller | url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117981772.html?categoryid=13&cs=1 | title=Weinstein Co. options ''Marley'' | publisher=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] | date=[[2008-03-03]] | accessdate=2008-03-03}}]
==Sound samples==
* {{audio|Bob Marley & The Wailers - Simmer Down (1964).ogg|"Simmer Down"}} (1964)
==See also==
* [[Bob Marley Museum]]
* [[Aston Barrett|Aston "Family Man" Barrett]]
* [[Junior Marvin]]
* [[Al Anderson]]
==Notes==
{{Reflist}}
==Further reading==
* [[Christopher John Farley|Farley, Christopher]] (2007). ''Before the Legend: The Rise of Bob Marley'', Amistad Press ISBN 0060539925
* [[Vivien Goldman|Goldman, Vivien]] (2006). ''The Book of Exodus: The Making and Meaning of Bob Marley and the Wailers' Album of the Century'', Aurum Press ISBN 1845132106
* Henke, James (2006). ''Marley Legend: An Illustrated Life of Bob Marley'', Simon & Schuster Ltd ISBN 0743285514
* [[Rita Marley|Marley, Rita]]; Jones, Hettie (2004) ''No Woman No Cry: My Life with Bob Marley'' Hyperion Books ISBN 0786887559
* [[John Masouri|Masouri, John]] (2007) ''Wailing Blues: The Story of Bob Marley's "Wailers"'' Wise Publications ISBN 1846096898
* [[Timothy White|White, Timothy]] (2006). ''Catch a Fire: The Life of Bob Marley'' Owl Books ISBN 0805080864
==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
{{commons|Bob Marley}}
* [http://www.bobmarley.com/ Official Bob Marley website]
* [http://www.bobmarley-foundation.com/main.html The Bob Marley Foundation]
* [http://www.couldyoubeloved.com/ Bob Marley Fan Site]
* [http://homepage.ntlworld.com/davebulow/wow/artist_bob_marley.htm Biblical References in Bob Marleys lyrics]
* [http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/bobmarley/biography Bob Marley] at Rollingstone
* [http://www.rastafarispeaks.com/HIM_UN.html Transcript of Haile Selassie's 1963 speech] addressed to the [[United Nations]], which was made into Marley's famous song "War".
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/music/1347071.stm Marley elected one of the greatest songwriters] ''BBC News'', 23 May, 2001
* [http://www.quango.com/ecards/bobmarley/ Roots, Rock, Remixed], first officially approved Bob Marley remix album
* [http://www.mightyquotes.com/quotes/people/bob_marley Bob Marley quotes and lyrics]
* [http://www.thirdfield.com/board Thirdfield] Bob Marley Community Forums (Unofficial)
* [http://www.bobmarleymagazine.com BobMarleyMagazine] Bob Marley Magazine (Unofficial)
* [http://www.strictly-vibes.com/artists/Bob_Marley.htm Some Wailers Vinyls Release]
* [http://www.genesis-publications.com/books/marley_30/print.html Bob Marley, Exodus Tour, 1977: a selection of photographs by Kate Simon]
* {{MusicBrainz artist|id=c296e10c-110a-4103-9e77-47bfebb7fb2e|name=Bob Marley and the Wailers}}
{{Reggae}}
{{Pan-Africanism}}
{{Persondata
|NAME= Marley, Bob
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES= Marley, Robert Nesta
|SHORT DESCRIPTION= Singer, songwriter, guitarist
|DATE OF BIRTH= [[February 6]], [[1945]]
|PLACE OF BIRTH= Nine Miles, [[Saint Ann Parish, Jamaica|Saint Ann Parish]], [[Jamaica]]
|DATE OF DEATH= [[May 11]], [[1981]]
|PLACE OF DEATH= [[Miami, Florida|Miami]], [[Florida]], [[United States|U.S.]]
}}
{{lifetime|1945|1981|Marley, Bob}}
[[Category:Skin cancer deaths]]
[[Category:Cannabis culture]]
[[Category:Hollywood Walk of Fame]]
[[Category:Jamaican musicians]]
[[Category:Jamaican male singers]]
[[Category:Jamaican songwriters]]
[[Category:Pan-Africanism]]
[[Category:People from Wilmington, Delaware]]
[[Category:Reggae musicians]]
[[Category:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees]]
[[Category:Shooting victims]]
[[Category:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners]]
[[Category:Jamaicans of English descent]]
[[Category:Jamaican Rastafarians]]
[[Category:Anti-apartheid activists]]
[[Category:UK Music Hall of Fame inductees]]
[[Category:Performers of Rastafarian music]]
[[Category:Afro-Caucasian people]]
{{Link FA|be-x-old}}
[[af:Bob Marley]]
[[als:Bob Marley]]
[[ar:بوب مارلي]]
[[an:Bob Marley]]
[[ast:Bob Marley]]
[[bn:বব মার্লি]]
[[be-x-old:Боб Марлі]]
[[bs:Bob Marley]]
[[br:Bob Marley]]
[[bg:Боб Марли]]
[[ca:Bob Marley]]
[[cs:Bob Marley]]
[[cy:Bob Marley]]
[[da:Bob Marley]]
[[de:Bob Marley]]
[[et:Bob Marley]]
[[es:Bob Marley]]
[[eo:Bob Marley]]
[[eu:Bob Marley]]
[[fa:باب مارلی]]
[[fr:Bob Marley]]
[[ga:Bob Marley]]
[[gl:Bob Marley]]
[[ko:밥 말리]]
[[hr:Bob Marley]]
[[io:Bob Marley]]
[[id:Bob Marley]]
[[it:Bob Marley]]
[[he:בוב מארלי]]
[[ka:ბობ მარლი]]
[[sw:Bob Marley]]
[[la:Robertus Marley]]
[[hu:Bob Marley]]
[[mk:Боб Марли]]
[[nl:Bob Marley]]
[[nds-nl:Bob Marley]]
[[ja:ボブ・マーリー]]
[[no:Bob Marley]]
[[oc:Bob Marley]]
[[pl:Bob Marley]]
[[pt:Bob Marley]]
[[ro:Bob Marley]]
[[ru:Марли, Роберт Неста]]
[[sq:Bob Marley]]
[[scn:Bob Marley]]
[[simple:Bob Marley]]
[[szl:Bob Marley]]
[[sl:Bob Marley]]
[[sr:Боб Марли]]
[[fi:Bob Marley]]
[[sv:Bob Marley]]
[[th:บ็อบ มาร์เลย์]]
[[tr:Bob Marley]]
[[uk:Боб Марлі]]
[[yo:Bob Marley]]
[[zh:巴布·馬利]]
[[sk:Bob Marley]]
| Calendar |
| « December 2024 » | | Su | Mo | Tu | We | Th | Fr | Sa | | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | | 29 | 30 | 31 |
|
| Statistics |
Total online: 1 Guests: 1 Users: 0 |
|
|
Main